In sexual reproduction, sperm was thought to deliver little more than the paternal genome to the oocyte to form the zygote. However, examples in worms, flies, mice, and humans support an alternative view. Small non-coding (ncRNAs), which fine-tune the expression of genes without modifying their DNA sequences, have been proposed to transmit paternal information to the offspring, shaping their development and phenotypic traits. The lab focuses on paternal contribution of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to early mouse embryogenesis. These small ncRNAs are extraordinarily abundant in the adult male germline and play a vital role in male fertility, spermatogenesis, and mature sperm function. Research aims to understand the mechanism of paternal piRNAs' intergenerational role and elucidate how fathers impact offspring through epigenetic mechanisms.