Biofilms are associated with the majority of chronic infections, are often polymicrobial in nature, and are phenotypically tolerant to antimicrobials. The group applies genetic and genomic approaches to interrogate both monomicrobial and polymicrobial Enterococcus faecalis biofilm pathogenesis, including transposon screens in vitro and in vivo using animal models and transposon-sequencing. They have established combinatorial CRISPRi tools for E. faecalis, enabling silencing of any gene combination within biofilms. They are interested in how E. faecalis responds to environmental conditions at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, using RNA-sequencing, codon bias analysis in environment-responsive genes, and linking codon bias to tRNA modifications influencing epitranscriptomic environmental response.